Nādr, an Afshārid Turkmen from northern Khorāsān, was eventually able to reunite Iran, a process he began on behalf of the Ṣafavid prince Ṭahmāsp II (reigned 1722–32), who had escaped the Afghans.
Born in November 1688 into a humble pastoral family, then at its winter camp in Darra Gaz in the mountains north of Mashad, Nāder belonged to a group of the Qirqlu branch of the Afšār Turkmen. ... Soon after his coronation, he sent an embassy to the Ottomans (Maḥmud I, r. 1730-54) carrying letters in which he explained his concept of the “Jaʿfari maḏhab” and recalled the common Turkmen origins of himself and the Ottomans as a basis for developing closer ties.
↑«From multilingual empire to contested modern state», Touraj Atabaki, «Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict», ed. Homa Katouzian, Hossein Shahidi, (Routledge, 2008), 41.
↑Michael Axworthy’s biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 17-19:
Оригинал текст (инг.)
His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part ethnically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older. But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian.
↑Richard V. Weekes. Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey. AZERI. — Greenwood Press, 1978 — p. 56 — ISBN 9780837198804
Оригинал текст (инг.)
Depending of their habitat the Azeris of Iran make use of the designations Shahsevan, Afshar, and Kajar.
↑Российский этнографический музей. Афшары(недоступная ссылка).
↑М. С. Иванов «История Ирана», стр. 4, Издательство МГУ, 1977 г.:
Оригинал текст (рус.)
Из национальных меньшинств, говорящих на языках тюркской системы, самыми многочисленными являются иранские азербайджанцы, которые стоят по численности на втором месте после господствующей нации - персов и составляют около 1/5 всего населения Ирана. Среди других тюркоязычных народностей и племен следует назвать туркмен, кашкайцев, шахсевенов, афшаров, тюркоязычные племена бахарлу, эйнанлу и нафар из племенного объединения хамсе в Фарсе и другие. Значительная часть кашкайцев, бахтиар, луров, белуджей, шахсевенов, племена хамсе и другие до сих пор еще ведут кочевой образ жизни.
The Azeri Turks are Shiʿites and were founders of the Safavid dynasty. They are settled, although there are pastoralists in the Moḡān steppe called Ilsevan (formerly Šāhsevan) numbering perhaps 100,000; they, as other tribes in Iran, were forced to adopt a settled life under Reza Shah. Other Turkic speakers—Turkmen, Qajars, Afšārs, etc.—are scattered in various regions of western Iran. The number of Turkic speakers in Iran today is estimated about 16 million.
↑Рашид ад-Дин «Огуз-наме», часть 3 «Возвращение Огуза на родину и последние годы его жизни»:
Оригинал текст (рус.)
Авшар, т. е. проворный в деле и страстный охотник; [его рода] тамга: онгон — тавшанджил, доля мяса—правое бедро
↑Петрушевский И. П. Очерки по истории феодальных отношений в Азербайджане и Армении в XVI - начале XIX вв. — Л., 1949. — С. 48.:
Оригинал текст (рус.)
Тюркские племена афшар и каджар пришли из Средней Азии вместе с монгольскими завоевателями в Иран, в разных местностях которого поселения афшаров и каджаров были разбросаны; в Азербайджане часть этих племен была поселена при Тимуре и Мираншахе.
The southwestern, or Oghuz, branch comprises three groups. The West Oghuz group (SWw) consists of Turkish (spoken in Turkey, Cyprus, the Balkans, western Europe, and so on); Azerbaijani (Azerbaijanian; Azerbaijan, Iran); and Gagauz (Moldova, Bulgaria, and so on). The East Oghuz group (SWe) consists of Turkmen (Turkmenistan and adjacent countries) and Khorāsān Turkic (northeastern Iran). A southern group (SWs) is formed by Afshar and related dialects in Iran and Afghanistan.
↑Afghanistan Foreign Policy and Government Guide. — С. 172.
↑Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, Unesco. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. — С. 724
...Afshari (a variant of Azarbaijani still spoken by the Afshars in a village that is now part of northern suburb of Kabul)
.
↑Fascicle 3. — VIII. Azeri Turkish (author G. Doerfer), pp. 245–248. // Encyclopaedia Iranica. Volume III: Atas-Bayhaqi, Zahir-Al-Din. Edited by Ehsan Yarshater. New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1989, 896 pages. ISBN 9780710091215
... Azeri dialects. We may distinguish the following Azeri dialects (see Širäliev, 1941 and 1947): (1) eastern group: Derbent (Darband), Kuba, Shemakha (Šamāḵī), Baku, Salyani (Salyānī), and Lenkoran (Lankarān), (2) western group: Kazakh (not to be confounded with the Kipchak-Turkic language of the same name), the dialect of the Ayrïm (Āyrom) tribe (which, however, resembles Turkish), and the dialect spoken in the region of the Borchala river; (3) northern group: Zakataly, Nukha, and Kutkashen; (4) southern group: Yerevan (Īravān), Nakhichevan (Naḵjavān), and Ordubad (Ordūbād); (5) central group: Ganja (Kirovabad) and Shusha; (6) North Iraqi dialects; (7) Northwest Iranian dialects: Tabrīz, Reżāʾīya (Urmia), etc., extended east to about Qazvīn; (8) Southeast Caspian dialect (Galūgāh). Optionally, we may adjoin as Azeri (or “Azeroid”) dialects: (9) East Anatolian, (10) Qašqāʾī, (11) Aynallū, (12) Sonqorī, (13) dialects south of Qom, (14) Kabul Afšārī. ...
The names of the principal Afšār clans are: Alplū, Arašlū, Bekešlū, Gündüzlü, Imirlü, Köse Aḥmedlū, Pāpālū, Qāsemlū, Qereḵlū and Qirqlū. The Imirlū clan is probably related to the Imir tribe, one of the original Ḡuz tribes. Branches of the Aynallū (variants: Inānlū, Imānlū), Uṣālū (variant: Uṣānlū) and Ustāǰlū tribes were also incorporated into the Afšār tribe.
↑К. Босворт «Мусульманские династии» Караманиды. Они происходил по видимому из туркменского племени афшар. стр. 183
↑George A. Bournoutian «Qarābāghʹnāmah Jamāl Javānshīr Qarābāghī» from the Javanshir tribe of Dizak, from the of Sarijalu, which was a group within the Bahmanli, tribe, who, in olden days, had come, from Turkestan. They were a part of the famous Afshar tribe.